Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first raised concerns about a potential link between certain pet foods and a life-threatening heart condition in 2018, pet owners and veterinarians have remained vigilant, reporting cases of diet-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and, to a lesser extent, in cats. DCM is a condition that causes the heart to enlarge, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. While certain larger dog breeds, like golden retrievers and Great Danes, are predisposed to DCM, the recent uptick in cases has raised concerns.
The FDA’s most recent report identified 1,382 cases of dogs and a small number of cats with diet-related DCM. Notably, 255 of these cases were documented between August 1, 2020, and November 1, 2022. While the FDA has named specific dog food brands associated with this heart condition, it hasn’t recommended discontinuing their use. These pet foods often contain high levels of ingredients like peas, lentils, and potatoes, which are now under scrutiny.
Researchers and veterinarians are still unraveling the exact mechanisms behind how certain pet foods might contribute to heart damage in some animals.
A 2021 study pointed to high levels of peas in certain pet foods as a potential culprit. This finding gained further support from a study conducted by Canadian scientists in May, which observed “DCM-like changes” in dogs that consumed a pea-rich diet for 28 days. However, the precise factor in peas or other ingredients that might harm pet hearts remains unknown.
Dr. Lynn Weber, a professor of veterinary biomedical sciences at the University of Saskatchewan Western College of Veterinary Medicine, acknowledges that the fiber content in peas could be a factor. However, she emphasized that further research is needed to pinpoint the exact cause.
One of the most compelling pieces of evidence linking DCM to specific diets is the observed improvement in dogs’ heart health when they switch to a traditional diet. Dr. Aly Cohen, an associate veterinarian at the Riney Canine Health Center, emphasized this point. Despite ongoing research, the FDA has not issued any recalls for pet food products, and the agency plans to provide updates only when significant new scientific data becomes available.
While the rate of new DCM cases appears to have slowed, veterinarians like Dr. William Rausch continue to encounter new cases regularly. Furthermore, studies suggest that dogs can develop DCM for years without exhibiting symptoms, raising concerns about the potential prevalence of undiagnosed cases.
The Pet Food Institute, which represents most pet food companies in the U.S., has expressed appreciation for the FDA’s attention to this issue. They noted that their members are actively researching ingredients to provide high-quality and safe dog food for pets’ health and longevity.
For pet owners concerned about DCM, it’s crucial to watch for symptoms, which typically only appear when the condition has progressed to heart failure. These signs may include decreased activity, fatigue, lethargy, coughing, shortness of breath, and a reduced appetite.
While the investigation into diet-related DCM in pets continues, vigilance and communication with veterinarians remain vital in safeguarding pets’ heart health. Pet owners should stay informed about the latest developments and consult with veterinarians about suitable dietary choices for their beloved companions.
